Conducting Phonos, OBs, and Interviews

In the field of journalism and media broadcasting, effective communication plays a crucial role in delivering information to the public. Three essential techniques used by reporters and anchors are Phonos (Telephone Interviews), OBs (Outside Broadcasts), and Formal Interviews. Each of these methods requires specific skills and approaches to ensure clarity, accuracy, and audience engagement.

 

 Phonos (Telephone Interviews)

Phonos refer to telephone interviews or call-in segments where a reporter, expert, or witness provides live or pre-recorded information via a phone call. They are commonly used in news broadcasts, talk shows, and emergency reporting.

Key Elements of Phonos:

• Conciseness: Since phone interviews lack visual elements, responses should be short and direct.
• Clarity: The anchor/reporter must ensure the audio quality is clear and free of distractions.
• Active Listening: Engaging with the speaker through quick follow-up questions enhances credibility.
• Fact Verification: Ensure that information shared over the phone is cross-checked before broadcasting.

Example Script for a Phono Interview (Breaking News)

📞 Live Phone Interview with an Expert on an Earthquake

Anchor:

We now have [Expert’s Name], a seismologist from [Institution], joining us over the phone. Thank you for your time. Could you tell us the latest details on the earthquake that struck [Location]?

Expert:

Thank you for having me. The earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale, hit at approximately 3:45 PM local time.

Anchor:

Are there any aftershocks expected, and what precautions should people take?

Expert:

Yes, minor tremors are expected. Residents should stay away from unstable structures and follow government advisories.

Anchor:

Thank you for your insights, Dr. [Name]. We’ll keep updating our viewers with further developments.

 

OBs (Outside Broadcasts)

OBs refer to live or pre-recorded reports from on-location settings, such as disaster zones, political rallies, sports events, or cultural festivals. These require a reporter to be on the field to  provide  updates with visual and environmental context.

Key Elements of OBs:

• Strong On-Camera Presence: Reporters must maintain composure despite outdoor challenges.
• Clear and Descriptive Reporting: Describe the scene vividly to engage the audience.
• Handling Unpredictable Situations: Be prepared for technical failures, weather disruptions, or crowd interference.
• Coordination with Studio Team: Maintain seamless communication with the anchor and production team.

Example Script for an OB (Live from a Flood-Affected Area)

📍 Live from a Disaster Site

*"Good evening, I’m [Reporter Name], reporting live from [Location], where severe flooding has left hundreds displaced. As you can see behind me, streets are submerged, and rescue teams are working tirelessly to assist stranded residents.

Local officials have declared a state of emergency, urging people to evacuate to higher ground. Speaking with some affected residents, their biggest concern is the lack of food and medical supplies.

Authorities have assured that relief operations are underway. We’ll continue bringing you updates from the ground as the situation unfolds. Back to you in the studio, [Anchor’s Name].

 

Conducting Effective Interviews

An interview is a structured conversation between a journalist and a guest, conducted to gather expert opinions, personal insights, or eyewitness accounts.

Types of Interviews:

1. Hard News Interviews – Focused on serious topics (e.g., politics, crime, disasters).
2. Feature Interviews – More personal and in-depth (e.g., profiles of celebrities or activists).
3. Investigative Interviews – Used to uncover hidden information.
4. Panel Discussions – Multiple guests sharing opinions on a topic.

Key Skills for Conducting a Good Interview:

• Preparation: Research the topic and the interviewee thoroughly.
• Open-Ended Questions: Encourage detailed responses rather than simple "yes" or "no" answers.
• Active Listening: Adjust follow-up questions based on responses.
• Neutrality: Avoid personal bias and let the interviewee express their views.
• Time Management: Keep the conversation focused and engaging.

Prepare a script for interview …

Each of these techniques requires clear communication, adaptability, and strong journalistic ethics. Whether reporting live from the field, conducting a phone interview, or leading a structured conversation, the key is to remain professional, well-prepared, and audience-focused.