Forms of discourses or modes of writing

 

 Rhetorical modes of writing

writers in general and academical writers in particular use certain modes of writing to present their ideas, views and knowledge. The effective rhetorical mode can powerfully convey their points. Generally Exposition, Narration, Description and argumentation are considered to be the basic forms of discourse.

 Expository writing

 

Expository writing is a type of writing that is meant to explain, inform, or describe a topic to the reader. It presents information in a clear, concise, and organized manner, without expressing the author's opinions or emotions.

Here are a few examples of expository writing:

Textbook Entries: Textbooks often use expository writing to explain complex subjects. For instance, a science textbook might explain the principles of photosynthesis or the laws of motion in a straightforward manner.

 

News Articles: News articles aim to inform readers about current events and issues. They present facts and details without personal bias. An article about a political event or a natural disaster is a good example of expository writing.

 

Encyclopedias: Encyclopedias like Wikipedia offer expository writing on a wide range of topics. They provide general information and explanations about subjects such as historical events, famous people, or scientific concepts.

 

Research Papers: In academic writing, research papers present information and findings in an objective manner. They explain the methodology, results, and conclusions of a study without personal commentary.

 

Business Reports: Reports in the business world, such as market analysis reports or financial reports, use expository writing to present data and analysis to help stakeholders make informed decisions.

 

In expository writing, the focus is on clarity and providing a deeper understanding of the subject matter, making it a valuable form of writing for conveying information effectively.

 

 

Narrative Writing

Narration depends upon actions in chronological order. That involves a sequencing of events or actions from beginning to end. A skilled narrator is able to arrange the details in such a way that reader’s interest rises to the climax .

Narrative writing is a form of storytelling that aims to engage the reader by conveying a sequence of events or experiences. It typically includes characters, a setting, a plot, and a point of view.

Personal Narrative / Journals : Example: I'll never forget the day I climbed to the summit of Mount Everest. The biting cold, the breathtaking view, and the sense of accomplishment made it the adventure of a lifetime.

Fictional Narrative: Example: In a small, quiet town, a curious cat named Whiskers stumbled upon a mysterious, glowing door. Little did Whiskers know that it would lead to a magical world filled with talking animals and enchanted forests.

 

Historical Narrative: Example: The year was 1776, and the American colonies were in the midst of a revolution. As I stood among the patriots in Philadelphia, I couldn't help but feel the weight of history as they declared their independence from Britain.

 

Narrative writing can take on various forms, whether it's a personal account, a work of fiction, a historical retelling, or a fairy tale. The key is to engage the reader's imagination and emotions through a well-structured and descriptive story.

 

Descriptive Writing

 

Descriptive writing is a style of writing that vividly portrays a person, place, object, or experience, allowing readers to create a mental image of what's being described. It appeals to the senses and emotions, making the writing more engaging. Here are some examples:

 

Describing a Beach at Sunset: The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm, golden glow across the tranquil beach. The waves, kissed by the fading light, whispered their secrets to the shore. The sand, still warm from the day's heat, cradled my bare feet as I walked along the water's edge.

 

Character Description: She was a woman of striking elegance, with flowing auburn hair that cascaded down her back like a waterfall. Her eyes, a deep shade of emerald green, sparkled with a hint of mischief. Every step she took exuded confidence and grace.

 

Describing a Delicious Meal: The plate held a masterpiece of culinary art—a perfectly seared steak, juices still glistening, surrounded by a garden of vibrant, roasted vegetables. The aroma, a symphony of herbs and spices, teased the taste buds and promised an unforgettable feast.

 

Portraying a Storm: Dark, brooding clouds gathered in the heavens, their ominous presence casting a shadow over the land. Thunder rumbled, and lightning streaked the sky, illuminating the world in brief, brilliant flashes. The rain fell in a relentless, rhythmic dance upon the earth.

 

Descriptive writing allows the reader to engage with the text on a sensory and emotional level, painting a vivid picture that helps them connect with the subject matter more deeply.